Central state · level 2
Research & higher education
Research & higher education
- National (€/yr)
- 31.3 bn€
Click to open the breakdown
- 15.3 bn€Higher education programmes and university research
- 8.3 bn€Multidisciplinary scientific and technological research
- 3.2 bn€Student life
- 1.9 bn€Space research
- 1.6 bn€Research in sustainable energy, development and mobility
- 0.4 bn€Agricultural higher education and research
- 0.4 bn€Research and higher education in economic and industrial affairs
- 0.2 bn€Dual-use research (civilian and military)
Key figures to remember
~12 million pupils
in public schools 2023-2024 (primary + secondary), plus ~3 M students in public higher education.
Source: DEPP RERS 2024~1.1 million teachers
paid by the State (primary + secondary + higher). Largest public-sector employer in France.
Source: DEPP RERS 2024~€9,500 / pupil / yr
average spend per pupil (DIE, domestic education spending), all levels and all sources combined (State + local).
Source: DEPP RERS 2024