Dual-use research (civilian and military) — Research & higher education · Budget

Research, civil and military research against nuclear, radiological, biological, chemical and explosive threats, other dual-use research and technological development: the 8th largest of the 8 parts of “Research & higher education”.

149M€

voted for 2026 in the State budget (budget act)

< 1% of the State budget voted for 2026

Year by year

Spent in 2024150M€

Spent in 2025133M€

Voted for 2026149M€

What it pays for, planned in the draft budget for 2025

Research85%128M€

Civil and military research against nuclear, radiological, biological, chemical and explosive threats8%12M€

Other dual-use research and technological development7%10M€

Source: 2024 actual spending (budget outturn act) ↗, 2025 actual spending (budget outturn act) ↗, 2026 budget act as passed ↗, State budget bill for 2025 (data.economie.gouv.fr) ↗.