France · Consolidated budget
The French budget
1,808bn€/ year · general government (S13)
Social security, central government and local authorities — i.e. all French public expenditure, viewed from the spender side. Reference year: 2025.
Sources: Eurostat gov_10a_main · INSEE national accounts · PLF (Treasury) · OFGL.
Public revenue.
French public administrations collect about 1530.0 bn€/year: social contributions for the Social Security system, VAT and direct taxes for central government, local taxes and grants for local authorities. The gap with expenditure (1705.0 bn€) is bridged by borrowing, which feeds the public debt.
Social security
759.8 bn€/yr
- Other Social Security revenue250.0 bn€ · 32.9 %
Social contributions
- Social contributions — employer215.0 bn€ · 28.3 %
Social contributions
- Social contributions — employee95.0 bn€ · 12.5 %
Social contributions
- CSG on labor income86.0 bn€ · 11.3 %
CSG/CRDS
- State transfers35.0 bn€ · 4.6 %
Intra-APU transfers
- Earmarked taxes28.0 bn€ · 3.7 %
Indirect taxes
- CSG on pensions & benefits22.5 bn€ · 3 %
CSG/CRDS
- CSG on capital income19.5 bn€ · 2.6 %
CSG/CRDS
- Social debt repayment levy8.8 bn€ · 1.2 %
CSG/CRDS
Central government
525.0 bn€/yr
- Other State revenue148.3 bn€ · 28.2 %
Non-tax revenue
- Net VAT (State share)102.6 bn€ · 19.5 %
Indirect taxes
- Personal income tax96.3 bn€ · 18.3 %
Direct taxes
- Corporate income tax67.8 bn€ · 12.9 %
Direct taxes
- Other state taxes42.0 bn€ · 8 %
Indirect taxes
- Non-tax revenue22.0 bn€ · 4.2 %
Non-tax revenue
- Inheritance & gift duties18.4 bn€ · 3.5 %
Direct taxes
- Energy excise (TICPE)18.1 bn€ · 3.4 %
Indirect taxes
- Flat tax — income part9.5 bn€ · 1.8 %
Direct taxes
Local government (APUL)
289.0 bn€/yr
- VAT share & State block grants93.0 bn€ · 32.2 %
Intra-APU transfers
- Other local revenue65.0 bn€ · 22.5 %
Non-tax revenue
- Other local revenue45.0 bn€ · 15.6 %
Intra-APU transfers
- Property tax39.0 bn€ · 13.5 %
Direct taxes
- Local business taxes22.0 bn€ · 7.6 %
Direct taxes
- Real estate transfer duties13.0 bn€ · 4.5 %
Indirect taxes
- Waste tax & others12.0 bn€ · 4.2 %
Indirect taxes
PUBLIC DEFICIT
Revenue (1530.0 bn€/yr) does not cover the full spending (1705.0 bn€/yr). The difference is funded by debt issuance (Agence France Trésor), feeding the public debt stock (~110 % of GDP in 2024). Source: INSEE — Deficit & debt notification March 2025.
Method & sources
Breakdown by Eurostat subsector (S1311 State / S1313 Local / S1314 Social Security), non-consolidated — consistent with the spending panel. Intra-APU transfers (allocated VAT, State grants, Social Security compensations) are shown on the receiving subsector's side. Sources: PLF 2025 Voies & Moyens, PLFSS 2025 annex 4, OFGL Local accounts 2023, INSEE National Accounts, Court of Accounts.
Where public money goes
Each cell = one large pocket of public spending, area proportional to the annual amount.
The big missions — and who funds them
Each major mission — health, education, security, solidarity, housing, transport — is funded jointly by social security, the State and local government. Here is how much France spends on each, and how it splits across levels of government.
Health in France388 bn21%
How much does France fund health each year?
≈ 21% of consolidated public spending (S1311 + S1313 + S1314, unconsolidated)
- Social security — health branch (CNAM)Branche maladie au sens PLFSS : ONDAM (hôpital, ville, médico-social), IJ, AME, FIR.€367 bn95%
- Departments — health + dependency× 0.18 (estimated share)Périmètre santé : APA + santé/PMI au sein de « Santé, action sociale ». ~15 % APA + ~2 % santé / le reste (RSA, action sociale hors APA, ASE) est compté dans Solidarité.€10.8 bn2.8%
- Municipal block — health/social (health share)× 0.4 (estimated share)Estimation : ~40 % de la fonction « Santé, action sociale » des communes/EPCI relève de la santé (centres de santé, PMI, hygiène publique). Le reste est aide sociale.€7.9 bn2.0%
- Central government — Health mission (PLF)Mission « Santé » du Budget Général : prévention, AME, indemnisations sanitaires.€1.6 bn0.4%
Caveats
Aggregate estimate. The health/social boundary is conventional: the health share of municipal and departmental spending is estimated from OFGL sub-functions (PMI, public hygiene, APA); the rest is counted in solidarity. Retirement pensions (CNAV) are excluded here.
Education in France175 bn9.7%
How much does France fund education each year?
≈ 9.7% of consolidated public spending (S1311 + S1313 + S1314, unconsolidated)
- Central government — Schooling missionMission « Enseignement scolaire » : maternelle, primaire, secondaire (public + privé sous contrat).€88.8 bn51%
- Central government — Research and higher educationMission « Recherche et enseignement supérieur » : universités, CNRS, INRAE, etc.€31.3 bn18%
- Municipal block — schooling (primary schools)Compétence communale : écoles maternelles et élémentaires (bâti, périscolaire, cantine).€30.2 bn17%
- Regions — high schools and vocational trainingCompétence régionale : lycées (bâti, agents) + formation professionnelle continue + apprentissage.€15.9 bn9.1%
- Departments — schooling (middle schools)Compétence départementale : collèges (bâti, agents techniques, transport scolaire).€8.6 bn4.9%
Caveats
Scope: schooling (State) + higher education and research (State) + primary schools (municipalities) + middle schools (departments) + high schools and vocational training (regions). Apprenticeship and private continuous training are excluded.
Component sources
Solidarity in France195 bn11%
How much does France fund solidarity each year?
≈ 11% of consolidated public spending (S1311 + S1313 + S1314, unconsolidated)
- Social security — family branch (CNAF)Branche famille : prestations familiales, allocations logement, RSA majoré.€55.9 bn29%
- Departments — RSA, social action, child welfare× 0.82 (estimated share)Périmètre solidarité : RSA + action sociale hors APA (ASE, PCH, hébergement, lutte contre la pauvreté). ~60 % action sociale hors APA + ~23 % RSA. APA et santé/PMI sont comptés en santé.€49.4 bn25%
- Unemployment insurance (UNEDIC)UNEDIC : allocations chômage (ARE), aides au reclassement.€47.9 bn25%
- Central government — Solidarity, integration missionMission « Solidarité, insertion et égalité des chances » : prime d'activité, AAH, lutte contre la pauvreté.€30.4 bn16%
- Municipal block — social action (CCAS)× 0.6 (estimated share)Estimation : ~60 % de la fonction « Santé, action sociale » des communes/EPCI relève de l'aide sociale (CCAS, aides facultatives, RSA municipal). Le reste est compté en santé.€11.9 bn6.1%
Caveats
Scope: family (CNAF) + unemployment (UNEDIC) + Solidarity mission (State) + social action of the municipal block (CCAS, excluding health share) + RSA, child welfare, social action and housing of departments (excluding APA and health/PMI). Health/dependency shares of local authorities are counted in the Health panel.
Overall security in France114 bn6.3%
How much does France fund security in the broad sense each year?
≈ 6.3% of consolidated public spending (S1311 + S1313 + S1314, unconsolidated)
- Central government — Defense missionMission « Défense » : forces armées, dissuasion, équipement, OPEX. Sécurité extérieure et continuum défense-sécurité.€60.0 bn53%
- gendarmerie)Central government — Security mission (police€25.2 bn22%
- Central government — Justice missionMission « Justice » : magistrats du siège et du parquet, services pénitentiaires, protection judiciaire de la jeunesse, accès au droit.€12.5 bn11%
- Municipal block — security and public healthFonction « Sécurité et salubrité publiques » du bloc communal : police municipale, sécurité civile, prévention des risques, hygiène publique.€8.1 bn7.1%
- Departments — civil safety (fire & rescue)Compétence départementale : contribution principale au SDIS (Service départemental d'incendie et de secours), aide au transport sanitaire d'urgence.€4.4 bn3.8%
- Central government — Foreign affairs missionMission « Action extérieure de l'État » : réseau diplomatique et consulaire, contributions ONU/OTAN/UE, présence française à l'étranger (sécurité diplomatique et consulaire).€3.5 bn3.1%
- Regions — security (residual)Part résiduelle de la fonction « Sécurité et salubrité » au niveau régional (faible : crédits de prévention de la délinquance, partenariats avec les SDIS).€0.2 bn0.2%
Caveats
Security is a cross-institutional issue: internal security (police, gendarmerie), justice, external defence, diplomatic action, plus civil safety / municipal police at the local level are aggregated here. The boundary with other functions (intelligence, counter-terrorism, customs, prison services) remains fluid. No estimated fraction — each component covers an entire mission or OFGL function.
Housing and urban planning in France51.9 bn2.9%
How much does France fund housing and urban planning each year?
≈ 2.9% of consolidated public spending (S1311 + S1313 + S1314, unconsolidated)
- Municipal block — planning and housingFonction « Aménagement des territoires et habitat » du bloc communal : urbanisme, foncier, logement social, action en faveur du logement, aménagement urbain.€20.4 bn39%
- Social security — housing benefits (APL/ALS/ALF)Aides personnelles au logement (APL, ALS, ALF) versées par la CAF pour le compte du Fonds national d'aide au logement (FNAL). ~26 % de la branche famille.€14.5 bn28%
- Central government — Territorial cohesion (housing/planning share)× 0.6 (estimated share)Estimation : ~60 % de la mission « Cohésion des territoires » relève du logement, de l'urbanisme et de la rénovation urbaine (FNAL — APL, ANAH, ANRU, hébergement d'urgence, politique de la ville). Le reste finance l'aménagement rural, la ruralité et l'aide à l'accès au numérique.€14.3 bn27%
- Departments — planning and housingFonction « Aménagement des territoires et habitat » des départements : aides à la pierre, fonds de solidarité logement (FSL), opérations d'aménagement.€2.7 bn5.2%
Caveats
Housing cuts across the State (housing policy and bricks-and-mortar subsidies via the Territorial Cohesion mission), Social Security (personalized housing benefits APL/ALS/ALF, paid by CAF on behalf of FNAL), and local authorities (urban planning, social housing, housing solidarity funds). The 60 % fraction applied to the Territorial Cohesion mission is editorial (housing and urban planning scope, excluding strict rural development). Military, agricultural and operator-owned housing are not counted here.
Transport and mobility in France49.9 bn2.8%
How much does France fund transport and mobility each year?
≈ 2.8% of consolidated public spending (S1311 + S1313 + S1314, unconsolidated)
- Regions — regional trains and intercity transportCompétence centrale des régions : autorité organisatrice des TER (conventions SNCF Voyageurs), transports routiers interurbains, liaisons aériennes essentielles. ~35 % des dépenses régionales.€17.5 bn35%
- Central government — Ecology & mobility (transport share)× 0.6 (estimated share)Estimation : ~60 % de la mission « Écologie, développement et mobilité durables » relève des infrastructures et services de transports (programme 203 « Infrastructures et services de transports » + AFITF). Le reste finance l'écologie stricto sensu, la prévention des risques et l'énergie.€12.3 bn25%
- Municipal block — transport and roadsFonction « Transports, routes et voiries » du bloc communal : voirie communale, transport urbain (souvent via syndicats AOM), stationnement.€11.0 bn22%
- Departments — roads and transportFonction « Transports, routes et voiries » des départements : routes départementales (entretien et investissement), transport scolaire (compétence partagée avec les régions).€9.1 bn18%
Caveats
Transport is funded by the State (program 203 « Infrastructure and transport services » + AFITF, excluding strictly environmental ecology and energy), regions (regional trains TER and intercity transport, ~35 % of their spending), departments (departmental roads and school transport), and municipalities (local roads, urban transport via mobility authorities). The 60 % fraction applied to the « Ecology, development and sustainable mobility » mission is editorial and conservative. Tolls and fares paid directly by users (motorway tolls, SNCF tickets) are not counted.
And per household, in practice?
Daily Bread projects the figures above onto a personal profile: salary, fiscal household size, city. Output: a monthly € amount split by institution, branch, and mission.