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Qipu

Local authorities (APUL) · Economic action · level 3

Shared services (including research and development)

Shared services (including research and development)

National (€/yr)
0.9 bn€
Per inhabitant (€/mo)
1 €/mo

Aggregate only — the source (DGCL/OFGL — Rapport 2025 (annexe 2F, agrégat sous «Action économique»)) does not publish a finer breakdown.